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Nasal Spray: Uses, Formulations, Delivery Mechanisms, and Safety Considerations
Nasal sprays are widely used medical formulations designed to deliver medications directly into the nasal cavity. They offer fast absorption, targeted action, and minimal systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable treatments. Because the nasal mucosa contains a rich network of blood vessels and a thin epithelial layer, medications can enter the bloodstream quickly or act locally depending on the formulation.
Types of Nasal Sprays
Nasal sprays come in several categories based on their therapeutic purpose:
1. Decongestant Nasal Sprays
These sprays contain active ingredients such as oxymetazoline or phenylephrine. They work by constricting blood vessels in the nasal passages, reducing swelling and relieving congestion caused by colds, sinusitis, or allergies. They provide quick relief but should not be used for more than 3–5 days to prevent rebound congestion (rhinitis medicamentosa).
